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This page explains how to deploy GStreamer along your application. Thereare different mechanisms, which have been reviewed in Deploying your application. The details for someof the mechanisms are given here, and more options might be added tothis documentation in the future.

**FIXME: PackageMaker is dead we need a new solution **

Shared GStreamer

This is the easiest way to deploy GStreamer, although most of the timeit installs unnecessary files which grow the size of the installer andthe target drive free space requirements. Since GStreamer might be sharedamong all applications that use it, though, the extra space requirementsare somewhat blurred.

With PackageMaker, simply add GStreamer **runtime ** disk image(the same one you used to install the runtime in your developmentmachine) inside your installerpackage and create a post-install script that mounts the disk image andinstalls GStreamer package. You can use the following example, where youshould replace $INSTALL_PATH with the path where your installer copiedGStreamer's disk image files (the /tmp directory is good place toinstall it as it will be removed at the end of the installation):

Private deployment of GStreamer

You can decide to distribute a private copy of GStreamer with yourapplication, although it's not the recommended method. In this case,simply copy the framework to the application's Frameworks folder asdefined in the bundle programmingguide:

Note that you can have several versions of GStreamer, and targetingdifferent architectures, installed in the system. Make sure you onlycopy the version you need and that you update accordingly the linkGStreamer.framework/Version/Current:

Since GStreamer will be relocated, you will need to follow theinstructions on how to relocate GStreamer at the end of this page.

Deploy only necessary files, by manually picking them

On the other side of the spectrum, if you want to reduce the spacerequirements (and installer size) to the maximum, you can manuallychoose which GStreamer libraries to deploy. Unfortunately, you are onyour own on this road, besides using the object file displaying tool:otool.Being a similar technique to deploying a private copy of GStreamer, keepin mind that you should relocate GStreamer too, as explained at the end ofthis page.

Bear also in mind that GStreamer is modular in nature. Plug-ins areloaded depending on the media that is being played, so, if you do notknow in advance what files you are going to play, you do not know whichplugins and shared libraries you need to deploy.

Deploy only necessary packages, using the provided ones

This will produce a smaller installer than deploying completeGStreamer, without the added burden of having to manually pick eachlibrary. You just need to know which packages your application requires.

Relocation of GStreamer in OS X

In some situations we might need to relocate GStreamer, moving it to adifferent place in the file system, like for instance when we areshipping a private copy of GStreamer with our application.

Location of dependent dynamic libraries.

On Darwin operating systems, the dynamic linker doesn't locate dependentdynamic libraries using their leaf name, but instead it uses full paths,which makes it harder to relocate them as explained in the DYNAMICLIBRARY LOADING section ofdyld'sman page:

Unlike many other operating systems, Darwin does not locate dependentdynamic libraries via their leaf file name. Instead the full path toeach dylib is used (e.g. /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib). But there aretimes when a full path is not appropriate; for instance, may want yourbinaries to be installable in anywhere on the disk.

We can get the list of paths used by an object file to locate itsdependent dynamic librariesusing otool:

As you might have already noticed, if we move GStreamer to a differentfolder, it will stop working because the runtime linker won't be able tofind gstreamer-1.0 in the previous location/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib.

This full path is extracted from the dynamic library install name, a path that is used by the linker to determine its location. Theinstall name of a library can be retrieved withotool too:

Any object file that links to the dynamic library gstreamer-1.0 willuse thepath /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/0.10/x86/lib/libgstreamer-1.0.0.dylib tolocate it, as we saw previously with gst-launch-1.0.

Since working exclusively with full paths wouldn't let us install ourbinaries anywhere in the path, the linker provides a mechanism of stringsubstitution, adding three variables that can be used as a path prefix.At runtime the linker will replace them with the generated path for theprefix. These variables are @executable_path,@loader_path and @rpath, described in depth in the DYNAMIC LIBRARYLOADING sectionof dyld'sman page.

For our purpose we will use the @executable_path variable, which isreplaced with a fixed path, the path to the directory containing themain executable: /Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/MacOS.The @loader_path variable can't be used in our scope, because it willbe replaced with the path to the directory containing the mach-o binarythat loaded the dynamic library, which can vary.

Therefore, in order to relocate GStreamer we will need to replace allpathscontaining /Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/ with @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/, whichcan be done usingthe install_name_toolutility

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Relocation of the binaries

As mentioned in the previous section, we can usethe install_name_tool in combination with otool to list all pathsfor dependant dynamic libraries and modify them to use the new location.However GStreamer has a huge list of binaries and doing it manually wouldbe a painful task. That's why a simple relocation script is providedwhich you can find in cerbero's repository(cerbero/tools/osxrelocator.py). This scripts takes 3 parameters:

1. directory: the directory to parse looking for binaries
2. old_prefix: the old prefix we want to change (eg:/Library/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework)
3. new_prefix: the new prefix we want to use(eg: @executable_path/../Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/)

When looking for binaries to fix, we will run the script in thefollowingdirectories:

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Adjusting environment variables with the new paths

The application also needs to set the following environment variables tohelp other libraries finding resources in the newpath:

• GST_PLUGIN_SYSTEM_PATH=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/lib/gstreamer-1.0
• GST_PLUGIN_SCANNER=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/libexec/gstreamer-1.0/gst-plugin-scanner
• GTK_PATH=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/
• GIO_EXTRA_MODULES=/Applications/MyApp.app/Contents/Frameworks/GStreamer.framework/Versions/Current/lib/gio/modules

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You can use the following functions:

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• C: putenv('VAR=/foo/bar')

• Python: os.environ['VAR'] ='/foo/var'